Pat Gelsinger — Former CEO, Intel

**Pat Gelsinger** served as CEO of **Intel** from 2021 to 2024, leading the company's ambitious 'IDM 2.0' strategy to rebuild Intel's semiconductor manufacturing leadership through massive capital investment ($100B+), the CHIPS Act, and the creation of Intel Foundry Services (IFS). A 30-year Intel veteran who rose from engineer to CTO before leaving for VMware (where he served as CEO), he returned to Intel during its most challenging period — having lost manufacturing leadership to TSMC and design leadership to AMD and Apple.\n\nPat's tenure was defined by the tension between Intel's urgent need to catch up in manufacturing technology and the multi-year timelines required to build fabs. His vision was correct (US semiconductor sovereignty matters), but execution proved brutally difficult. He departed in late 2024 amid continued manufacturing delays and financial pressure.